In the event of a deadlock between the two Houses of Parliament on an ordinary Bill, the Constitution provides for resolution by:
Aa national referendum on the disputed Bill conducted by the Election Commission
Ba decision by the President in his sole discretion under Article 111 of the Constitution
Cautomatic dissolution of the Lok Sabha and a fresh general election under Article 83
Da joint sitting of both Houses summoned by the President under Article 108
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. a joint sitting of both Houses summoned by the President under Article 108
1. Article 108 empowers the President to summon a joint sitting of both Houses to resolve a deadlock over an ordinary Bill.
2. Article 108 does NOT apply to Money Bills (the Lok Sabha prevails under Article 109) or Constitutional Amendment Bills (Article 368 requires separate majorities in each House).
3. The joint sitting is presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha (or, in his absence, the Deputy Speaker), per Article 118.
4. Hence option B is correct.
_Source: Constitution of India (Bare Act, updated to 105th Amendment Act 2021), Govt. of India Legislative Dept., Article 108_
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