Article 37 of the Constitution states that the Directive Principles of State Policy:
Aare enforceable by High Courts under Article 226, but not by the Supreme Court under Article 32
Bshall not be enforceable by any court, but are fundamental in the governance of the country
Care enforceable by both the Supreme Court under Article 32 and by all High Courts
Dshall override Fundamental Rights in Part III in case of any conflict between them
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. shall not be enforceable by any court, but are fundamental in the governance of the country
1. Article 37 begins: 'The provisions contained in this Part shall not be enforceable by any court, but the principles therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws.'
2. Hence DPSPs are non-justiciable but morally and politically binding.
3. They do not override Fundamental Rights (Minerva Mills, 1980 confirmed FRs and DPSPs together form the constitutional 'conscience').
4. Hence option C is correct.
_Source: Constitution of India (Bare Act, updated to 105th Amendment Act 2021), Govt. of India Legislative Dept., Article 37_
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