Article 19(1)(a) guarantees the freedom of speech and expression. Reasonable restrictions on this right may be imposed only on the grounds enumerated in:
AArticle 19(3) — restrictions on the freedom to assemble peaceably without arms
BArticle 19(2) — sovereignty/security, public order, decency, defamation, etc.
CArticle 19(4) — restrictions on the freedom to form associations or unions
DArticle 19(6) — restrictions on the freedom to practise any profession or trade
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. Article 19(2) — sovereignty/security, public order, decency, defamation, etc.
1. Article 19(1)(a) protects freedom of speech and expression.
2. Clause (2) of Article 19 lists the permissible grounds of restriction: sovereignty and integrity of India, security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, contempt of court, defamation, or incitement to an offence.
3. Clauses (3), (4), (5) and (6) deal with restrictions on assembly, association, movement/residence and profession respectively.
4. Hence the freedom of speech is governed by Article 19(2).
_Source: Constitution of India (Bare Act, updated to 105th Amendment Act 2021), Govt. of India Legislative Dept., Article 19(2)_
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