Article 15(4), permitting the State to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes, was inserted by which constitutional amendment?
AThe Constitution (Twenty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1971 — relating to Article 368
BThe Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951 — response to Champakam Dorairajan
CThe Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976 — expanding Article 31C
DThe Constitution (Ninety-third Amendment) Act, 2005 — inserting Article 15(5)
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. The Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951 — response to Champakam Dorairajan
1. Article 15(4) was inserted by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951, in response to State of Madras v. Champakam Dorairajan, AIR 1951 SC 226, which had struck down communal reservations as violating Article 15(1).
2. Article 15(5) was inserted by the 93rd Amendment, 2005 (for educational institutions, including private unaided ones).
3. The 24th Amendment relates to Article 368 (the amending power).
4. The 42nd Amendment expanded Article 31C among other changes.
_Source: Constitution of India (Bare Act, updated to 105th Amendment Act 2021), Govt. of India Legislative Dept., Article 15(4); First Amendment Act 1951_
Related questions
In National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) v. Union of India, (2014) 5 SCC 438, the SuprThe Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act, 2019 — providing 10 per cent reservation for EconoArticle 131 of the Constitution confers on the Supreme Court of India:Which case overruled the proposition in A. K. Gopalan v. State of Madras, AIR 1950 SC 27 tArticles 280 (Finance Commission) and 281 (recommendations of the Finance Commission) beloThe Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution lists subjects that may be devolved by State LegArticles 243 to 243-O of the Constitution, inserted by the 73rd Amendment Act, 1992, deal The Sixth Schedule of the Constitution provides for the administration of tribal areas in