The 'twin test of reasonable classification' under Article 14 — requiring (i) intelligible differentia and (ii) rational nexus with the object — was authoritatively laid down in:
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D.
1. Anwar Ali Sarkar (1952) struck down the West Bengal Special Courts Act and articulated the twin test: (i) intelligible differentia distinguishing the grouped persons from others, and (ii) rational nexus between that differentia and the object sought to be achieved.
2. E. P. Royappa (1974) later expanded Article 14 by adding the 'arbitrariness' doctrine.
3. Maneka Gandhi (1978) linked Articles 14, 19 and 21 into the 'golden triangle'.
4. Indra Sawhney dealt with reservation and the creamy layer principle.
_Source: Constitution of India (Bare Act, updated to 105th Amendment Act 2021), Govt. of India Legislative Dept., State of West Bengal v. Anwar Ali Sarkar, AIR 1952 SC 75_
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