Which statement correctly contrasts deductive and inductive reasoning?
ABoth deductive and inductive reason only from particular to particular instances
BDeductive reasons from particular to general, inductive from general to particular
CDeductive reasons from general to particular, inductive from particular to general
DBoth deductive and inductive reason only from general to general principles
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. Deductive reasons from general to particular, inductive from particular to general
1. The chapter introduces the railway-platform-running example to contrast two types of reasoning.
2. Deductive reasoning begins with a general assumption and draws a specific conclusion from it.
3. In other words, deductive reasoning goes from general to particular.
4. Inductive reasoning, by contrast, starts from specific facts and observations and draws a general conclusion.
5. Distractor 2 swaps the directions of the two types.
6. Hence deductive goes general-to-particular, inductive goes particular-to-general.
_Source: NCERT Class 11 Psychology Ch 7 "Thinking", p. 115, Deductive and Inductive Reasoning_
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