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For refraction at a single spherical surface from medium 1 (n₁) to medium 2 (n₂), the relation between object distance u, image distance v, and radius of curvature R is:
A(n₁/v) − (n₂/u) = (n₂ − n₁)/R
B(n₂/v) − (n₁/u) = (n₂ − n₁)/R
C(n₂ − n₁)/v = (n₁/u) + (n₂/R)
Dn₁/u = n₂/v
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. (n₂/v) − (n₁/u) = (n₂ − n₁)/R
**Refraction at spherical surface**: (n₂/v) − (n₁/u) = (n₂ − n₁)/R, with the Cartesian sign convention. Origin at the pole of the surface; light travels from medium 1 to medium 2.
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