The relation between cell EMF and Gibbs free-energy change is:
AΔG = +nFE_cell
BΔG = nF/E_cell
CΔG = −nFE_cell
DΔG = E_cell/nF
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. ΔG = −nFE_cell
**ΔG = −nFE_cell**. A positive E_cell (spontaneous galvanic) corresponds to negative ΔG (spontaneous reaction). Watch the sign — this also explains why doubling the cell reaction doubles ΔG but does NOT change E_cell (intensive).
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