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Passage: 'Cities that have built more flyovers in the past decade have seen INCREASED traffic congestion, not less. Therefore, building flyovers is counter-productive and we should stop building them.' Which, if TRUE, MOST weakens the argument?
AFlyovers are visually attractive
BThe cities that built more flyovers did so precisely BECAUSE they had higher pre-existing congestion; the flyovers reduced congestion compared to what it would have been without them, even though absolute levels still rose
CSome flyovers are toll roads
DFlyovers require significant maintenance
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. The cities that built more flyovers did so precisely BECAUSE they had higher pre-existing congestion; the flyovers reduced congestion compared to what it would have been without them, even though absolute levels still rose
Reverse causation / selection effect: the cities that built more flyovers self-selected for higher pre-existing congestion. The conclusion misreads the COUNTERFACTUAL — congestion would have been higher still without the flyovers.
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