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Passage: 'Studies show that children who eat breakfast every day score higher on standardised tests than children who skip breakfast. Therefore, schools should provide free breakfast to all children to improve test scores.' Which of the following, if TRUE, MOST weakens the argument?
AEating breakfast at home has been traditional in India
BThe studies cited did not control for family income; richer households both serve breakfast more often AND can afford additional tuition for their children
CSchools currently provide only mid-day meals
DStudies of adults show similar effects
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. The studies cited did not control for family income; richer households both serve breakfast more often AND can afford additional tuition for their children
An UNCONTROLLED confounder (family income) is shown to plausibly explain both the higher test scores and the breakfast habit. The link between breakfast and scores may then be entirely spurious.
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