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Which proposition CORRECTLY states the position of the 'basic structure' doctrine after Kesavananda Bharati (1973) and Minerva Mills (1980)?
AParliament can amend any part of the Constitution, including its basic structure
BParliament cannot amend any part of the Constitution
CParliament has wide power under Article 368 but cannot alter the Constitution's basic structure
DOnly the President may amend the basic structure
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. Parliament has wide power under Article 368 but cannot alter the Constitution's basic structure
Kesavananda Bharati: Parliament's amending power, though wide, does not extend to abrogating the basic structure (which includes supremacy of Constitution, rule of law, judicial review, separation of powers, federalism, secularism, free elections). Minerva Mills reinforced this against the 42nd Amendment overreach.
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