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NY Regents Living Environment The Immune System — practice questions

Explore 6 free The Immune System questions in NY Regents Living Environment Biology. Open each question or exercise to read its content, reference answers and available explanation.

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The Immune System questions and exercises with answers

Showing questions 1–6 of 6.

Which structure serves as the body's first, continuous, and impassable barrier against most pathogens, killing or inactivating them through drying and acidity?Read the answer and worked solution →When complement proteins coat a pathogen and this coating enhances its engulfment by phagocytic cells, the process is given a specific name. What is it?Read the answer and worked solution →Roughly what share of the T and B lymphocytes circulating in human blood are T cells?Read the answer and worked solution →When a naive B cell is stimulated by the TH2 pathway, what does it differentiate into?Read the answer and worked solution →Naive T cells travel from the bone marrow to a specific organ for maturation, where T cells reactive to self-antigens are destroyed. Which organ is this?Read the answer and worked solution →Antibodies fall into five classes. Which class makes up roughly 80 percent of all antibodies?Read the answer and worked solution →

Worked practice questions

Which structure serves as the body's first, continuous, and impassable barrier against most pathogens, killing or inactivating them through drying and acidity?

  1. The skin
  2. The spleen
  3. The thymus
  4. Bone marrow
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Correct answer: A. The skin

1. Before any immune factors are triggered, the skin functions as a continuous, impassable barrier to pathogens. 2. Pathogens are killed or inactivated on the skin by desiccation, or drying out, and by the skin's acidity. 3. Beneficial microorganisms on the skin also compete with invading pathogens to prevent infection. 4. The spleen, thymus, and bone marrow are all involved in immune cell development or filtering, not in this first physical barrier role. _Source: OpenStax Biology (1st ed., CC BY 4.0), Ch 42 "The Immune System", section Physical and Chemical Barriers_

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When complement proteins coat a pathogen and this coating enhances its engulfment by phagocytic cells, the process is given a specific name. What is it?

  1. Apoptosis
  2. Chemotaxis
  3. Opsonization
  4. Extravasation
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Correct answer: C. Opsonization

1. Complement proteins bind to the surfaces of microorganisms and are especially attracted to pathogens already bound by antibodies. 2. These proteins mark the pathogen for phagocytic cells, such as macrophages and B cells, enhancing engulfment. 3. This marking process is called opsonization. 4. Apoptosis is programmed cell death, extravasation is immune cells passing into surrounding tissue, and phosphorylation is a chemical modification, none of which names this marking-for-engulfment process. _Source: OpenStax Biology (1st ed., CC BY 4.0), Ch 42 "The Immune System", section Complement_

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Roughly what share of the T and B lymphocytes circulating in human blood are T cells?

  1. About 10 to 20 percent
  2. About 40 to 50 percent
  3. About 80 to 90 percent
  4. About 99 to 100 percent
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Correct answer: C. About 80 to 90 percent

1. Lymphocytes in human circulating blood are approximately 80 to 90 percent T cells. 2. The remaining 10 to 20 percent of circulating lymphocytes are B cells. 3. T cells are involved in the cell-mediated immune response, while B cells are part of the humoral immune response. 4. 10 to 20 percent is instead the figure given for B cells, not T cells, and 40 to 50 percent and 99 to 100 percent do not appear anywhere in this figure. _Source: OpenStax Biology (1st ed., CC BY 4.0), Ch 42 "The Immune System", section T and B Lymphocytes_

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