CTET Role of Listening and Speaking; Function of Language — practice questions — page 3

1. Halliday's work is sometimes seen as a rival to Chomsky's formal approach. 2. His stated concern is with naturally occurring language in actual contexts of use. 3. An ideal speaker's mind is the formalist focus. 4. Written classics and formal rules are also not his concern. **Why not the others:** An ideal speaker's mind is the formalist focus of Chomsky. Written classics only and formal grammar rules ignore real use. _Source: Wikipedia, "Michael Halliday", section "Studies in child language development" (revision 1371974860)_

1. Piaget and Vygotsky disagreed about egocentric speech. 2. Piaget treated it as a sign of immaturity. 3. He thought it dissolved away as children matured. 4. Vygotsky showed that it became inner speech instead. 5. Chomsky and Halliday did not propose this view. 6. So the view that it dissolved away is Piaget's. **Why the other options fail:** - Vygotsky held that it became inner speech. - Chomsky wrote about innate grammar, not egocentric speech. - Halliday studied the functions of language for children. _Source: Wikipedia, "Lev Vygotsky", section "Major themes of research" (revision 1377698493)_

1. Barthes described three levels of listening. 2. Alerting detects environmental sound cues, such as an unfamiliar noise signalling danger. 3. Deciphering detects patterns when interpreting sounds. 4. A child waiting for the sound of the mother's return picks up cues such as jingling keys. 5. Understanding is knowing how what one says will affect another. 6. So the child's listening is at the deciphering level. **Why the other options fail:** - Alerting is about sudden environmental cues, and understanding concerns the effect of one's words. - Hearing is a physiological act, not a level of listening. _Source: Wikipedia, "Listening", section "Process of listening" (revision 1373457535)_