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AP Biology Unit 8R: Environmental Pollution & Organismal Health — practice questions — page 2

Explore 84 free Unit 8R: Environmental Pollution & Organismal Health questions in AP Biology Biology. Open each question or exercise to read its content, reference answers and available explanation.

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Unit 8R: Environmental Pollution & Organismal Health questions and exercises with answers

Showing questions 31–60 of 84.

The cortex of the kidney extends in between the medullary pyramids asRead the answer and worked solution →Juxtamedullary nephrons differ from cortical nephrons in that they haveRead the answer and worked solution →The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is formed by cellular modifications of theRead the answer and worked solution →Renin released by JG cells acts toRead the answer and worked solution →The descending limb of Henle's loop isRead the answer and worked solution →In the ascending limb of Henle's loop, the filtrate becomesRead the answer and worked solution →The counter-current mechanism for urine concentration involvesRead the answer and worked solution →Cortical nephrons differ from juxtamedullary nephrons in that they haveRead the answer and worked solution →The oxygen-carrying pigment in red blood cells isRead the answer and worked solution →A person with blood group O isRead the answer and worked solution →The insoluble protein meshwork in a blood clot is made ofRead the answer and worked solution →The natural pacemaker of the human heart is theRead the answer and worked solution →Stroke volume 70 mL, heart rate 80 bpm. Cardiac output isRead the answer and worked solution →A typical normal blood pressure for a healthy adult isRead the answer and worked solution →Mammals are predominantlyRead the answer and worked solution →Glomerular filtration in the kidney is driven byRead the answer and worked solution →The structural and functional unit of the kidney is theRead the answer and worked solution →ADH (vasopressin) acts on the kidney toRead the answer and worked solution →The presence of glucose in urine is calledRead the answer and worked solution →A patient with end-stage renal failure typically requiresRead the answer and worked solution →Antibodies are produced byRead the answer and worked solution →Antibodies passed from a mother to her infant through breast milk give the infantRead the answer and worked solution →Vaccination provides protection against future infection mainly byRead the answer and worked solution →HIV primarily infectsRead the answer and worked solution →The spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant organs is calledRead the answer and worked solution →Cervical cancer is most commonly caused byRead the answer and worked solution →Gas exchange between alveolar air and blood is driven byRead the answer and worked solution →Vital capacity of the lungs is the sum ofRead the answer and worked solution →During quiet inspiration, the diaphragmRead the answer and worked solution →Which of the following is NOT one of the four life processes covered in Class 10?Read the answer and worked solution →

Worked practice questions

The cortex of the kidney extends in between the medullary pyramids as

  1. Calyces into the urinary bladder
  2. Columns of Bertini in cortex
  3. Loops of Henle into medulla
  4. Renal pelvis at the hilum
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Correct answer: B. Columns of Bertini in cortex

Columns of Bertini are extensions of cortex between the medullary pyramids. The pyramids project apices into the calyces, which collect urine into the renal pelvis and ureter.

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Juxtamedullary nephrons differ from cortical nephrons in that they have

  1. No connection with a collecting duct
  2. A longer loop of Henle into medulla
  3. A shorter loop of Henle in cortex
  4. No glomerulus or Bowman's capsule
Show answer and solution

Correct answer: B. A longer loop of Henle into medulla

Juxtamedullary nephrons (about 15%) have long loops of Henle that dip deep into the medulla and are accompanied by well-developed vasa recta. They are crucial for producing concentrated urine.

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The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is formed by cellular modifications of the

  1. Afferent arteriole and DCT contact
  2. Efferent arteriole and PCT contact
  3. Bowman's capsule and PCT contact
  4. Collecting duct and ascending limb
Show answer and solution

Correct answer: A. Afferent arteriole and DCT contact

JGA is at the contact zone between the AFFERENT arteriole (JG cells) and the DCT (macula densa cells). When GFR falls, JG cells release renin, raising blood pressure via the angiotensin-aldosterone axis.

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