Which method has no listening component?

1. Listening is one of the four skills of language learning. 2. All language-teaching approaches except grammar translation incorporate a listening component. 3. The direct method, audio-lingual method and TPR all stress listening. **Why not the others:** The direct method, audio-lingual method and TPR all give a central place to listening. _Source: Wikipedia, "Listening", section "Listening in language learning" (revision 1373457535)_