Kohlberg found dilemma discussions raise a student's moral reasoning most when the partner reasons:

1. Kohlberg tested dilemma discussions in humanities and social studies classes. 2. Discussing moral dilemmas did raise students' moral reasoning. 3. The gain was greatest when the student talked with someone reasoning just one stage higher. 4. Reasoning far above one's own is hard to grasp. 5. Reasoning at or below one's own level gives no push upward. 6. So the best partner reasons one stage above. **Why the other options fail:** - Two stages above is too far to understand. - One stage below and the same stage give no challenge, so they do not move the student up. _Source: Wikipedia, "Lawrence Kohlberg", section "Moral education" (revision 1373893579)_