For Vygotsky, higher mental functions first arise:

1. Older views assumed a function exists inside the child and then unfolds in the group. 2. Vygotsky argued the opposite for higher mental functions. 3. Functions first form in the group, in the relations between children and others. 4. Only later do they become the individual's own mental functions. 5. His example: reflection grows out of argument, not the other way round. 6. So higher functions appear first between people, then within the child. **Why the other options fail:** - In the child, then between people is the older view he reversed. - Biological maturing alone and fully formed at birth ignore the social origin he stressed. _Source: Wikipedia, "Lev Vygotsky", section "Cultural-historical theory" (revision 1377698493)_