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Equipartition: at temperature T, each quadratic DOF carries energy:
A2kT
BkT
CRandom
D(1/2) kT
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. (1/2) kT
Equipartition theorem: each quadratic term in energy contributes (1/2)kT to average. Translation: 3 × (1/2)kT. Rotation (diatomic): 2 × (1/2)kT. Vibration: 2 × (1/2)kT (KE + PE).
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