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Equipartition: at temperature T, each quadratic DOF carries energy:

A2kT
BkT
CRandom
D(1/2) kT
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. (1/2) kT
**Equipartition theorem:** each quadratic term in energy contributes (1/2)kT to average. **Translation:** 3 × (1/2)kT. **Rotation (diatomic):** 2 × (1/2)kT. **Vibration:** 2 × (1/2)kT (KE + PE).
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