alleryStart learning →Bottom-up and top-down processing are both needed because perception combines the signal with:
AMuscle movement alone
BBlood chemistry alone
CKnowledge and expectation
DPure random guessing
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. Knowledge and expectation
1. Raw input alone is ambiguous, and expectation alone would ignore the world.
2. Perception involves both bottom-up and top-down processing.
3. Bottom-up carries what the receptors actually detected.
4. Top-down supplies what the perceiver already knows or anticipates.
5. Attentional capture from an environmental sound is the bottom-up case.
_Source: OpenStax Psychology 2e (CC BY 4.0), Ch 5 'Sensation and Perception', sections 5.1-5.6_
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