Which cranial nerve carries parasympathetic impulses from the cardioinhibitory center to slow heart rate?
AThe glossopharyngeal nerve alone
BThe trigeminal nerve
CThe vagus nerve (cranial nerve X)
DThe facial nerve
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X)
1. Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart originates from the cardioinhibitory region of the medulla.
2. These impulses travel via the vagus nerve, cranial nerve X, sending branches to the SA and AV nodes and to portions of the atria and ventricles.
3. At the neuromuscular junction, this parasympathetic stimulation releases acetylcholine, which slows heart rate.
4. The glossopharyngeal nerve contributes chemoreceptor input rather than being the main parasympathetic supply, and the trigeminal and facial nerves are not identified as carrying cardiac parasympathetic fibers.
_Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 19 "The Cardiovascular System: The Heart", section 19.4, p. 868_
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