In Arizona v. United States (2012), the Supreme Court:

1. Arizona's Senate Bill 1070 of 2010 pursued a strategy of attrition by enforcement, and the federal government sued, arguing it conflicted with federal immigration law. 2. The Court affirmed federal supremacy over immigration and struck down three of the four central provisions: warrantless arrest on probable cause of a deportable offence, criminalising the seeking of work without documentation, and criminalising presence in Arizona without valid papers. 3. It upheld the show me your papers provision, which lets officers check the immigration status of anyone they stop or arrest and suspect of being undocumented. 4. The Court warned that applying that provision through racial profiling could expose the state to civil rights lawsuits. 5. Justice Kennedy grounded federal authority in Congress's enumerated power to establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization so option A overstates a decision that was deliberately partial. _Source: OpenStax American Government 3e (CC BY 4.0), Ch 3 "American Federalism", §3.4 Competitive Federalism Today_