McCulloch v. Maryland is best known for establishing which doctrine?

1. The Court held that Congress could charter a national bank even though the Constitution nowhere expressly authorises one. 2. That reasoning established the doctrine of implied powers, granting Congress a vast source of discretionary power to achieve its constitutional responsibilities. 3. The ruling also established the principle of national supremacy, prohibiting states from meddling in the lawful activities of the national government. 4. Judicial review was established earlier in Marbury v. Madison in 1803, and nullification was a states' rights doctrine the Court never endorsed. _Source: OpenStax American Government 3e (CC BY 4.0), Ch 3 "American Federalism", §3.2 The Evolution of American Federalism_