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'Management by Exception' belongs to which function?
APlanning
BOrganising
CDirecting
DControlling
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. Controlling
1. Management by Exception focuses managerial attention only on significant deviations.
2. It is a controlling technique: routine performance is reported but action is taken only on exceptions.
3. Planning sets targets; organising structures; directing leads.
4. Hence Management by Exception is a Controlling tool.
_Source: Maharashtra Balbharati Std XII OCM, Ch 2 "Functions of Management", §2.7 ¶§2.2.6_
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