How many pairs of cranial nerves and spinal nerves, respectively, are present in the human peripheral nervous system?

1. Cranial nerves arise from the brain and the human body has 12 pairs. 2. Spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord and the human body has 31 pairs. 3. Option B (31 cranial, 12 spinal) simply swaps the two counts, a common trap. 4. Option C (10 cranial, 33 spinal) misstates both numbers. 5. Option D keeps the right 12 cranial but wrongly gives 33 spinal. 6. The correct pairing is 12 cranial and 31 spinal pairs, option A. _Source: Samacheer Kalvi (TN SCERT) Class 10 Science, Unit 15 Nervous System "Peripheral Nervous System", p.232_