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**Active absorption** of water by roots involves:
ANo ATP — purely passive flow with transpiration
BATP expenditure by root cells; driving force is root pressure; occurs mainly at night when transpiration is low
COnly diffusion across cell walls
DPhloem transport
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. ATP expenditure by root cells; driving force is root pressure; occurs mainly at night when transpiration is low
Active absorption: minor mode (~2% of total). Root cells use ATP to maintain ion gradients which drive osmotic water uptake. Dominant at night/when transpiration is low. Passive absorption (transpiration pull) handles ~98% of water uptake.
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