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For conduction electrons in copper at room temperature, how does the drift speed typically compare with the random thermal speed?
ADrift speed is about equal to the thermal speed
BDrift speed is about $10^{5}$ times the thermal speed
CDrift speed is about $10^{-5}$ times the thermal speed
DDrift speed equals the speed of light
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. Drift speed is about $10^{-5}$ times the thermal speed
1. The thermal speed of copper atoms at 300 K is about $2 \times 10^{2}\ \text{m/s}$.
2. The drift speed found for a few-ampere current is about $10^{-3}\ \text{m/s}$.
3. The ratio $10^{-3}/10^{2} = 10^{-5}$, so drift speed is roughly $10^{-5}$ times thermal speed.
4. So C is correct; B reverses the ratio and D confuses drift with field propagation.
_Source: NCERT Class 12 Physics Ch 3 "Current Electricity", p.6_
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