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The two conservation laws embodied in Kirchhoff's rules are conservation of:
Aenergy at a junction and charge round a loop
Bmass at a junction and momentum round a loop
Ccharge at a junction and energy round a loop
Dmomentum at a junction and mass round a loop
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. charge at a junction and energy round a loop
1. Kirchhoff's first rule says the currents entering a junction equal those leaving it.
2. Since current is charge per unit time, that rule expresses conservation of charge.
3. Kirchhoff's second rule says the potential differences around any closed loop sum to zero.
4. Potential difference is energy per unit charge, so that rule expresses conservation of energy.
5. The pairing matters: charge goes with the junction rule and energy with the loop rule, not the reverse.
_Source: NECTA ACSEE 2023 Physics 131/1, Question 8: Current Electricity_
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