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Downstream processing in industrial biotechnology refers to:
ASending product downstream to customers
BThe post-biosynthesis steps: separation, purification, formulation with preservatives, quality control, clinical trials (for drugs)
CRemoving waste only
DThe fermentation step itself
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. The post-biosynthesis steps: separation, purification, formulation with preservatives, quality control, clinical trials (for drugs)
**Downstream processing** = everything after the biosynthesis step is complete: **separation, purification, formulation, quality control, clinical trials** (for drugs). Often the most expensive and challenging part of biotech manufacturing.
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