For the reaction R → P, the *instantaneous* rate of reaction is given by:
Ar = [P] × [R]
Br = −Δ[R]/Δt averaged over a long interval
Cr = −d[R]/dt = +d[P]/dt (taking Δt → 0)
Dr = Δ[R]/Δt
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. r = −d[R]/dt = +d[P]/dt (taking Δt → 0)
**Instantaneous rate** = derivative at a moment: r = −d[R]/dt = +d[P]/dt. (Average rate uses finite Δt; instantaneous uses the limit Δt → 0, equivalent to the slope of the tangent at a point on the concentration-vs-time curve.)
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