Electromagnetic induction was discovered by:

Electromagnetic induction is the phenomenon where a voltage (electromotive force) is generated across an electrical conductor in a changing magnetic field. 1. **Historical Context**: In 1820, Hans Christian Oersted discovered that an electric current produces a magnetic field. This sparked interest in whether the reverse was possible. 2. **The Discovery**: In 1831, Michael Faraday performed a series of experiments using a magnet and a coil of wire. He observed that moving the magnet relative to the coil induced a current. 3. **Faraday's Law**: This discovery is mathematically represented by Faraday's Law of Induction: $$\mathcal{E} = -N \frac{d\Phi_B}{dt}$$ where $\mathcal{E}$ is the induced EMF and $\Phi_B$ is the magnetic flux. 4. **Conclusion**: While James Clerk Maxwell later formulated the mathematical framework (Maxwell's Equations) and Newton focused on mechanics, it was Michael Faraday who experimentally discovered induction.