alleryRenal calculi are typically formed by
AProtein casts of damaged podocytes
BCalcium oxalate and similar stones
CCholesterol crystals deposited in tubules
DLiver-derived bile pigments in urine
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. Calcium oxalate and similar stones
Renal stones are most commonly calcium oxalate (about 80%), with smaller proportions of uric acid, struvite (infection-related) and cystine.
They precipitate in concentrated urine and can obstruct the urinary tract.
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