A first-order reaction plots linearly as:
A[A] vs t
B[A]² vs t
C1/[A] vs t
Dln[A] vs t
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. ln[A] vs t
For a first-order reaction, the rate of reaction is proportional to the concentration of one reactant. The differential rate law is expressed as:
$$-\frac{d[A]}{dt} = k[A]$$
To find the relationship between concentration and time, we rearrange and integrate this expression:
$$\frac{d[A]}{[A]} = -k dt$$
Integrating both sides from $t=0$ to $t=t$:
$$\int_{[A]_0}^{[A]_t} \frac{1}{[A]} d[A] = -k \int_{0}^{t} dt$$
$$\ln[A]_t - \ln[A]_0 = -kt$$
This yields the integrated rate law for a first-order reaction:
$$\ln[A]_t = -kt + \ln[A]_0$$
Comparing this to the equation for a straight line ($y = mx + b$):
- $y = \ln[A]_t$
- $x = t$
- $m$ (slope) $= -k$
- $b$ (y-intercept) $= \ln[A]_0$
Therefore, a plot of $\ln[A]$ versus $t$ will be a straight line with a slope of $-k$.
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