A sigma (σ) bond is formed by:

ASidewise overlap of p orbitals

BOverlap of s orbitals only

CEnd-to-end (head-on, axial) overlap of orbitals along the internuclear axis

DOverlap of d orbitals only

Answer & Solution

Correct answer: C. End-to-end (head-on, axial) overlap of orbitals along the internuclear axis

A σ bond is formed by **head-on (axial) overlap** along the internuclear axis. It can result from s–s, s–p or p–p (axial) combinations. Sidewise p–p overlap gives π bonds.

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