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A sigma (σ) bond is formed by:
ASidewise overlap of p orbitals
BOverlap of s orbitals only
CEnd-to-end (head-on, axial) overlap of orbitals along the internuclear axis
DOverlap of d orbitals only
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: C. End-to-end (head-on, axial) overlap of orbitals along the internuclear axis
A σ bond is formed by **head-on (axial) overlap** along the internuclear axis. It can result from s–s, s–p or p–p (axial) combinations. Sidewise p–p overlap gives π bonds.
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