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NEET UG Unit 7A: Genetic Diversity and Mendelian Transmission in Populations — practice questions

Explore 26 free Unit 7A: Genetic Diversity and Mendelian Transmission in Populations questions in NEET UG Environmental Science. Open each question or exercise to read its content, reference answers and available explanation.

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Unit 7A: Genetic Diversity and Mendelian Transmission in Populations questions and exercises with answers

Showing questions 1–26 of 26.

In the Watson-Crick model, the two polynucleotide strands of DNA are:Read the answer and worked solution →The pitch of the DNA double helix is approximately:Read the answer and worked solution →Two adjacent nucleotides in a polynucleotide chain are joined by:Read the answer and worked solution →Histones are positively charged because they are rich in:Read the answer and worked solution →A typical nucleosome contains approximately how many base pairs of DNA?Read the answer and worked solution →Heterochromatin (densely packed, dark-staining chromatin) is:Read the answer and worked solution →In E. coli (~4.6 × 10⁶ bp), DNA replication is completed in approximately 18 minutes, giving an average rate of:Read the answer and worked solution →The enzyme that joins the discontinuous Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand is:Read the answer and worked solution →Replication does not initiate randomly along a DNA molecule; it starts at:Read the answer and worked solution →The central dogma of molecular biology (Francis Crick) states:Read the answer and worked solution →A transcription unit in DNA has three parts:Read the answer and worked solution →In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II transcribes:Read the answer and worked solution →Of the 64 possible codons in the genetic code:Read the answer and worked solution →The genetic code is described as 'degenerate' because:Read the answer and worked solution →The genetic code was deciphered largely through the work of:Read the answer and worked solution →The site of protein synthesis (translation) is the:Read the answer and worked solution →The bond formed between two amino acids during translation is a:Read the answer and worked solution →During translation, the activation of an amino acid and its linkage to its cognate tRNA is called:Read the answer and worked solution →The lac operon (Jacob & Monod) consists of which structural genes?Read the answer and worked solution →The lac operon is regulated by the lac repressor binding to the:Read the answer and worked solution →According to HGP findings, what percentage of the human genome codes for proteins?Read the answer and worked solution →In eukaryotes, exons are:Read the answer and worked solution →Approximately how many genes does the human genome contain (per HGP)?Read the answer and worked solution →Pleiotropy refers to:Read the answer and worked solution →4 O'clock plant flower color shows incomplete dominance: RR (red) × rr (white) → Rr (pink). F2 phenotypic ratio (Rr × Rr):Read the answer and worked solution →Linkage map distance of 1 cM (centimorgan) corresponds to:Read the answer and worked solution →

Worked practice questions

In the Watson-Crick model, the two polynucleotide strands of DNA are:

  1. Perpendicular
  2. Anti-parallel (one 5′→3′, the other 3′→5′)
  3. Parallel (both 5′→3′ in the same direction)
  4. Random in orientation
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Correct answer: B. Anti-parallel (one 5′→3′, the other 3′→5′)

**Anti-parallel** strands: one runs 5′→3′, the other 3′→5′. This is essential for base pairing and for the directionality of replication.

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The pitch of the DNA double helix is approximately:

  1. 0.034 nm
  2. 3.4 nm
  3. 34 nm
  4. 0.34 nm
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Correct answer: B. 3.4 nm

**Pitch = 3.4 nm** (one full turn of the helix). It contains ~10 base pairs, so the distance between consecutive base pairs is **0.34 nm = 3.4 Å**.

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Two adjacent nucleotides in a polynucleotide chain are joined by:

  1. Disulfide bonds
  2. 3′→5′ phosphodiester linkages
  3. Hydrogen bonds
  4. Peptide bonds
Show answer and solution

Correct answer: B. 3′→5′ phosphodiester linkages

Nucleotides join via **3′→5′ phosphodiester bonds** — the phosphate at the 5′ carbon of one sugar forms a phosphoester with the 3′-OH of the next sugar. **Result:** the chain has a free 5′-PO₄ at one end and a free 3′-OH at the other.

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