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NEET PG The Cardiovascular System: Blood — practice questions — page 2

Explore 138 free The Cardiovascular System: Blood questions in NEET PG Physiology. Open each question or exercise to read its content, reference answers and available explanation.

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The Cardiovascular System: Blood questions and exercises with answers

Showing questions 31–60 of 138.

Which precursor ejects its nucleus and most organelles before maturing into an erythrocyte?Read the answer and worked solution →Which cells secrete erythropoietin, and what stimulus prompts them?Read the answer and worked solution →Which organs produce thrombopoietin?Read the answer and worked solution →After donating about 475 mL of blood, how long does the body take to replace the plasma and the blood cells?Read the answer and worked solution →Injecting supplemental red blood cells by transfusion to enhance sporting performance is called what?Read the answer and worked solution →Why is a matching donor essential for a bone marrow transplant?Read the answer and worked solution →Which site was traditionally used for bone marrow sampling with a large-bore needle?Read the answer and worked solution →What is the mean diameter of an erythrocyte?Read the answer and worked solution →Approximately how many erythrocytes per microliter of blood do adult males and females have?Read the answer and worked solution →About what share of carbon dioxide waste is picked up at the tissues and carried by erythrocytes?Read the answer and worked solution →Reticulocytes should normally make up what percentage of the erythrocyte count?Read the answer and worked solution →Mature erythrocytes lack mitochondria. What is the functional consequence?Read the answer and worked solution →Which cytoskeletal protein lets erythrocytes fold and then spring back in narrow vessels?Read the answer and worked solution →In wider vessels, erythrocytes may stack like a roll of coins. What is this stack called?Read the answer and worked solution →What is the composition of one hemoglobin molecule?Read the answer and worked solution →An erythrocyte holding about 300 million hemoglobin molecules can transport up to how many oxygen molecules?Read the answer and worked solution →Of the carbon dioxide entering the blood at the capillaries, about 76 percent travels in which form?Read the answer and worked solution →Carbon dioxide bound to the amino acids of hemoglobin forms which molecule?Read the answer and worked solution →The kidneys filter roughly what proportion of the total resting blood volume each day?Read the answer and worked solution →At what rate does the marrow produce erythrocytes?Read the answer and worked solution →In copper deficiency, why does iron transport for heme synthesis fall?Read the answer and worked solution →What role does the trace mineral zinc play in erythrocyte production?Read the answer and worked solution →How long do erythrocytes live in the circulation?Read the answer and worked solution →Which cell removes worn-out erythrocytes from the circulation?Read the answer and worked solution →The non-iron portion of heme is degraded into which sequence of pigments?Read the answer and worked solution →Which plasma protein carries bilirubin in the blood to the liver?Read the answer and worked solution →In the morphological approach to anemia, what are larger-than-normal red cells called?Read the answer and worked solution →Why do sickled erythrocytes block narrow capillaries?Read the answer and worked solution →Which is the most common type of anemia?Read the answer and worked solution →Pernicious anemia results from which underlying problem?Read the answer and worked solution →

Worked practice questions

Which precursor ejects its nucleus and most organelles before maturing into an erythrocyte?

  1. The megakaryoblast
  2. The myeloblast
  3. The hemocytoblast
  4. The reticulocyte
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Correct answer: D. The reticulocyte

1. The erythrocyte lineage runs from myeloid stem cell to proerythroblast to reticulocyte to mature erythrocyte. 2. The reticulocyte is the stage that ejects the nucleus and most other organelles. 3. Megakaryoblasts belong to the platelet line and myeloblasts to the granular leukocyte line, so neither is on the erythrocyte path. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 18 "The Cardiovascular System: Blood", section 18.2 Production of the Formed Elements_

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Which cells secrete erythropoietin, and what stimulus prompts them?

  1. Liver hepatocytes, in response to iron loss
  2. Kidney fibroblasts, in response to low oxygen
  3. Marrow macrophages, in response to low iron
  4. Splenic macrophages, in response to hypoxia
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Correct answer: B. Kidney fibroblasts, in response to low oxygen

1. Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone that prompts the marrow to make erythrocytes. 2. It is secreted by the interstitial fibroblast cells of the kidneys. 3. The trigger is low oxygen, not low iron, which is why anemia of chronic kidney disease is a production problem rather than a substrate problem. 4. The kidneys are well placed for this job because they filter about 20 percent of the resting blood volume each day. 5. Rising oxygen saturation switches erythropoietin secretion back down in a negative feedback loop. 6. The liver option is a trap because the liver does make thrombopoietin and most plasma proteins, but not erythropoietin. 7. The splenic macrophage option pairs the correct stimulus with the wrong cell, so reading only the second half of each option is fatal here. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 18 "The Cardiovascular System: Blood", section 18.2 Production of the Formed Elements_

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Which organs produce thrombopoietin?

  1. The spleen and thymus
  2. The bone marrow alone
  3. The liver and kidneys
  4. The lungs and spleen
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Correct answer: C. The liver and kidneys

1. Thrombopoietin is a glycoprotein hormone like erythropoietin. 2. It is produced by the liver and the kidneys. 3. Its action is to drive megakaryocytes on to shed platelets. 4. The bone marrow is where its target cells live, not where the hormone is made, which makes that option the natural trap. _Source: OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology (CC BY 4.0), Ch 18 "The Cardiovascular System: Blood", section 18.2 Production of the Formed Elements_

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