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Bihar Board Class 12 (Arts) Foundations of Psychology — practice questions — page 2

Explore 70 free Foundations of Psychology questions in Bihar Board Class 12 (Arts) Psychology. Open each question or exercise to read its content, reference answers and available explanation.

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Foundations of Psychology questions and exercises with answers

Showing questions 31–60 of 70.

Little Albert came to fear a rabbit, a furry coat and a Santa Claus mask after being conditioned to fear a white rat. This illustrates:Read the answer and worked solution →A car beeps until the driver fastens the seatbelt, and the beeping then stops. Fastening the seatbelt is strengthened by:Read the answer and worked solution →A parent takes away a child's favourite toy after the child misbehaves, and the misbehaviour drops. This is:Read the answer and worked solution →A hospital patient may press a button for pain medication, but the pump delivers at most one dose per hour. This is which schedule?Read the answer and worked solution →A child sees her older sister given a time-out for playing with their mother's make-up, and then avoids the make-up herself. This is:Read the answer and worked solution →Which reinforcement schedule is the most productive and the most resistant to extinction?Read the answer and worked solution →How does habituation differ from extinction?Read the answer and worked solution →Which part of a neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons?Read the answer and worked solution →The thalamus acts as a sensory relay for the brain, with which sense being the exception?Read the answer and worked solution →Which structure controls automatic processes such as breathing, blood pressure and heart rate?Read the answer and worked solution →The pituitary gland is often called the master gland because it:Read the answer and worked solution →Insulin and glucagon, the two hormones that regulate blood sugar, are secreted by:Read the answer and worked solution →Which glands sit atop the kidneys and secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine?Read the answer and worked solution →A drug that mimics a neurotransmitter at the receptor site and strengthens its effects is called:Read the answer and worked solution →Which limbic structure is described as essential for learning and memory?Read the answer and worked solution →A recessive phenotype such as smooth chin is expressed only when the individual is:Read the answer and worked solution →Grow a baby's speech in orderRead the answer and worked solution →Match each age band to its stageRead the answer and worked solution →Catch the wrong line on conditioningRead the answer and worked solution →Find the name from another theoryRead the answer and worked solution →Drag each growth clue to its trendRead the answer and worked solution →Place each item in its conditioningRead the answer and worked solution →Tap what fits the named groupRead the answer and worked solution →Rank the marks on the IQ scaleRead the answer and worked solution →Sort each clue by its reasoningRead the answer and worked solution →A precise description of how a variable is measured in a study is called:Read the answer and worked solution →The variable a researcher manipulates in an experiment is the:Read the answer and worked solution →The variable that is measured for change in an experiment is the:Read the answer and worked solution →Observing behaviour in its ordinary setting rather than a laboratory is called:Read the answer and worked solution →Research focused on one person or just a few individuals is called:Read the answer and worked solution →

Worked practice questions

Little Albert came to fear a rabbit, a furry coat and a Santa Claus mask after being conditioned to fear a white rat. This illustrates:

  1. Stimulus generalization
  2. Stimulus discrimination
  3. Higher-order conditioning
  4. Spontaneous recovery
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Correct answer: A. Stimulus generalization

1. Stimulus generalization is responding to stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimulus, and the more similar the stimulus, the stronger the response. 2. Albert was conditioned only to the white rat, yet other furry objects also triggered fear, so the response spread by similarity. 3. Stimulus discrimination is the opposite: responding only to the trained stimulus and not to similar ones. 4. Higher-order conditioning would require a new neutral stimulus to be paired with the rat, which never happened here. _Source: OpenStax Psychology (1st ed., CC BY 4.0), Ch 6 "Learning", §6.2 Classical Conditioning_

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A car beeps until the driver fastens the seatbelt, and the beeping then stops. Fastening the seatbelt is strengthened by:

  1. Positive punishment
  2. Negative punishment
  3. Negative reinforcement
  4. Positive reinforcement
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Correct answer: C. Negative reinforcement

1. Ask first whether the behaviour goes up or down. Buckling up becomes more likely, so this is reinforcement, not punishment. 2. Ask next whether something was added or removed. The annoying beep is taken away, so it is negative. 3. Negative reinforcement removes an undesirable stimulus in order to increase a behaviour, which is exactly what the seatbelt chime does. 4. Students often call this punishment because the beep is unpleasant, but punishment would have to reduce the behaviour. _Source: OpenStax Psychology (1st ed., CC BY 4.0), Ch 6 "Learning", §6.3 Operant Conditioning_

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A parent takes away a child's favourite toy after the child misbehaves, and the misbehaviour drops. This is:

  1. Negative reinforcement
  2. Positive reinforcement
  3. Positive punishment
  4. Negative punishment
Show answer and solution

Correct answer: D. Negative punishment

1. The misbehaviour decreases, so the consequence is punishment rather than reinforcement. 2. Something is taken away rather than added, so it is negative. 3. Negative punishment therefore applies: a pleasant stimulus is removed in order to decrease a behaviour. 4. Time-out works on the same principle, removing the child from a desirable activity. _Source: OpenStax Psychology (1st ed., CC BY 4.0), Ch 6 "Learning", §6.3 Operant Conditioning_

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