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AP Psychology Unit 3A1: Prenatal, Infancy and Childhood Development — practice questions — page 4

Explore 98 free Unit 3A1: Prenatal, Infancy and Childhood Development questions in AP Psychology Psychology. Open each question or exercise to read its content, reference answers and available explanation.

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Unit 3A1: Prenatal, Infancy and Childhood Development questions and exercises with answers

Showing questions 91–98 of 98.

In Piaget's heteronomous stage of morality, children see rules as:Read the answer and worked solution →Children agree to change a game's rules so everyone gets a turn. Which Piaget stage of morality?Read the answer and worked solution →Piaget saw which relationships as the key source of moral ideas such as equality and reciprocity?Read the answer and worked solution →Vygotsky held that a child's mental abilities are shaped mainly by:Read the answer and worked solution →Vygotsky's term for the gap that help can bridge:Read the answer and worked solution →In Vygotsky's zone of proximal development, the lower limit is set by what the child can do:Read the answer and worked solution →In Vygotsky's theory, someone with more skill who guides a learner is called the:Read the answer and worked solution →A 7-year-old teaches her 9-year-old cousin a game she knows well. For Vygotsky, she is:Read the answer and worked solution →

Worked practice questions

In Piaget's heteronomous stage of morality, children see rules as:

  1. Agreements open to change
  2. Fixed, set by authority
  3. Matters of personal choice
  4. Useful only when watched
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Correct answer: B. Fixed, set by authority

1. Heteronomous means under the rule of another; it covers about 6 to 10 years. 2. Children believe rules are handed down by authority figures. 3. They see rules as sacred and never to be altered. **Why not the others:** Seeing rules as agreements that can change is the later autonomous stage. _Source: Wikipedia, "Moral development", section "Piaget's Theory of Moral Development" (revision 1379937469)_

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Children agree to change a game's rules so everyone gets a turn. Which Piaget stage of morality?

  1. Autonomous morality
  2. Heteronomous morality
  3. Premoral period
  4. Conventional morality
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Correct answer: A. Autonomous morality

1. Piaget described three phases: premoral, heteronomous and autonomous. 2. In the autonomous phase (about 10 to 11), children appreciate that rules are agreements between individuals. 3. Children who change rules by mutual agreement show this autonomous view. **Why not the others:** Heteronomous children (about 6 to 10) treat rules as sacred and unchangeable; conventional morality is Kohlberg's term, not Piaget's. _Source: Wikipedia, "Moral development", section "Piaget's Theory of Moral Development" (revision 1379937469)_

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Piaget saw which relationships as the key source of moral ideas such as equality and reciprocity?

  1. Relations with parents
  2. Relations with teachers
  3. Relations with peers
  4. Relations with elders
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Correct answer: C. Relations with peers

1. Piaget distinguished relationships of constraint from relationships of cooperation. 2. Adult and child relations are unequal: knowledge passes by social transmission and stays fixed. 3. Peer relations are more equal, so children can argue, compare views and defend their own. 4. In such cooperative relations knowledge stays open and is regulated by argument, not by an outside authority. 5. Piaget held that morality grows from this peer interaction, independent of authority mandates. 6. So peers, not parents, are the key source of ideas like equality, reciprocity and justice. **Why the other options fail:** - Parents, teachers and elders all hold power over the child, which Piaget linked to constraint rather than to moral understanding. _Source: Wikipedia, "Jean Piaget", section "Morality" (revision 1371941987)_

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More Psychology topics

Unit 2B: Cognitive Psychology: Thinking & Problem SolvingUnit 3A3: Adolescent and Adult Lifespan DevelopmentUnit 4C: Culture, Gender Roles and Social StratificationUnit 3A2: Cognitive Development Theories (Piaget & Vygotsky)Unit 4A: Social Thinking, Attitudes and ConformityUnit 4B: Social Influence, Group Dynamics and RolesUnit 1: Biological Bases of Behavior & SensationUnit 2C1: Intelligence and Psychological Testing