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AP Intermediate 1st Year Excretory Products and their Elimination — practice questions

Explore 37 free Excretory Products and their Elimination questions in AP Intermediate 1st Year Biology. Open each question or exercise to read its content, reference answers and available explanation.

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Excretory Products and their Elimination questions and exercises with answers

Showing questions 1–30 of 37.

Functional unit of the kidney is the:Read the answer and worked solution →Main nitrogenous waste in humans is:Read the answer and worked solution →Renin is secreted by:Read the answer and worked solution →Antidiuretic effect of ADH means:Read the answer and worked solution →Renal artery, vein, and ureter enter/leave kidney at the:Read the answer and worked solution →The MOST toxic nitrogenous waste excreted by animals isRead the answer and worked solution →Ammonotelic animals includeRead the answer and worked solution →Mammals are classified as which type of nitrogen excreters?Read the answer and worked solution →The excretory unit of the human kidney isRead the answer and worked solution →The Malpighian body of the nephron consists ofRead the answer and worked solution →Glomerular filtration is BEST described asRead the answer and worked solution →The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a healthy adult is approximatelyRead the answer and worked solution →Reabsorption of nearly all essential nutrients takes place mainly in theRead the answer and worked solution →Malpighian tubules are the excretory structures ofRead the answer and worked solution →The act of releasing urine from the urinary bladder is calledRead the answer and worked solution →Uricotelic animals includeRead the answer and worked solution →The kidney lies between which vertebral landmarks?Read the answer and worked solution →The cortex of the kidney extends in between the medullary pyramids asRead the answer and worked solution →Juxtamedullary nephrons differ from cortical nephrons in that they haveRead the answer and worked solution →The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is formed by cellular modifications of theRead the answer and worked solution →Renin released by JG cells acts toRead the answer and worked solution →The descending limb of Henle's loop isRead the answer and worked solution →In the ascending limb of Henle's loop, the filtrate becomesRead the answer and worked solution →The counter-current mechanism for urine concentration involvesRead the answer and worked solution →Cortical nephrons differ from juxtamedullary nephrons in that they haveRead the answer and worked solution →Mammals are predominantlyRead the answer and worked solution →Glomerular filtration in the kidney is driven byRead the answer and worked solution →The structural and functional unit of the kidney is theRead the answer and worked solution →ADH (vasopressin) acts on the kidney toRead the answer and worked solution →The presence of glucose in urine is calledRead the answer and worked solution →

Worked practice questions

Functional unit of the kidney is the:

  1. Bowman's capsule alone
  2. Liver lobule
  3. Nephron (~1 million per kidney)
  4. Glomerulus alone
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Correct answer: C. Nephron (~1 million per kidney)

**Nephron:** structural and functional unit of kidney. Each human kidney has ~1 million nephrons. Each consists of renal corpuscle (glomerulus + Bowman's capsule) and renal tubule (PCT, loop of Henle, DCT, collecting duct).

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Main nitrogenous waste in humans is:

  1. Urea (forms via ornithine/urea cycle in liver from ammonia)
  2. Creatine
  3. Uric acid
  4. Ammonia
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Correct answer: A. Urea (forms via ornithine/urea cycle in liver from ammonia)

Humans are ureotelic (urea is main waste). Liver converts toxic ammonia to less toxic urea via urea cycle. Excreted via kidneys. Reptiles, birds: uricotelic (uric acid, less water). **Aquatic animals:** ammonotelic (ammonia directly diluted in water).

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Renin is secreted by:

  1. Juxtaglomerular cells of afferent arteriole when BP/Na+ low
  2. Stomach
  3. Liver
  4. Adrenal
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Correct answer: A. Juxtaglomerular cells of afferent arteriole when BP/Na+ low

JG cells (modified smooth muscle of afferent arteriole): release renin in response to low renal BP, low Na+ at macula densa, or sympathetic stimulation. Renin cleaves angiotensinogen → angiotensin I → (via ACE) angiotensin II → vasoconstriction + aldosterone. RAAS pathway.

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