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How many INDEPENDENT elastic constants describe an ISOTROPIC linear-elastic material?
A{'text': "2 — e.g. Young's modulus E and Poisson's ratio ν (or equivalently shear modulus G + bulk modulus K, etc.)", 'label': 'B'}
B{'text': '5', 'label': 'C'}
C{'text': '1', 'label': 'A'}
D{'text': '21', 'label': 'D'}
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: A. {'text': "2 — e.g. Young's modulus E and Poisson's ratio ν (or equivalently shear modulus G + bulk modulus K, etc.)", 'label': 'B'}
Isotropy means properties are direction-independent — the stiffness tensor reduces to 2 independent constants. Equivalent pairs: (E, ν), (G, ν), (G, K), (λ, μ Lamé constants). All others are derived from any two.
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