Prabhu said a task should draw on the learners':

1. NCERT draws an insight from task-based methodology. 2. The classroom must create a need to communicate. 3. That need brings into play not just target-language resources but all the other resources learners have. 4. These include conjecture, gesture, knowledge of conventions, numeracy and the mother tongue. 5. Using only target-language words or memorised dialogues leaves out these resources. 6. So a task draws on all the learners' available resources. **Why the other options fail:** - Target-language words only leaves out gesture and the mother tongue. - Memorised dialogues are pseudo-production, not a need to communicate. - Written notes alone ignore spoken resources. _Source: NCERT, Position Paper of the National Focus Group on Teaching of English (2006), section "3.2.3 Using existing cognitive and linguistic resources", PDF p. 18 (ncert.nic.in/pdf/focus-group/english.pdf)_