alleryReciting memorised rhymes without an underlying language system is called:
ATask-based output
BFree expression
CIncidental learning
DPseudo-production
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. Pseudo-production
1. Pseudo-production is language behaviour that mimics real production.
2. It is not supported by an underlying system that lets the learner go beyond what was taught.
3. Learning rhymes and classroom formulae are examples.
4. So memorised recitation is pseudo-production.
**Why not the others:** Task-based output and free expression are genuine production, and incidental learning means picking things up without teaching.
_Source: NCERT, Position Paper of the National Focus Group on Teaching of English (2006), section "3.2.1 English at the initial level", PDF p. 16 (ncert.nic.in/pdf/focus-group/english.pdf)_
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