Before losing her colonies after the First World War, Germany administered them using:

1. The colonial powers differed in how they governed, though all were exploitative. 2. Germany used a direct rule policy, administering through her own officials. 3. Britain used indirect rule, governing through existing African authorities. 4. France used assimilation, seeking to make colonial subjects culturally French. 5. After Germany's defeat her colonies passed to Britain, France and Belgium, which changed the system from direct rule to indirect rule and assimilation. _Source: NECTA CSEE 2023 History 012, Question 1: Multiple Choice Items, item (ii)_