The colonial state in Kenya supported settler agriculture mainly by:

1. Settler farming could not have paid its way without state backing. 2. The colonial state alienated land, reserving the fertile highlands for settlers. 3. It guaranteed a labour supply through taxation and restrictions that pushed Africans into wage work. 4. It added subsidies, financial facilities, transport and communication, security and social services. 5. Settlers also received political freedom denied to Africans. Answering with the general factors favouring peasant agriculture misses the question's focus on state action. _Source: NECTA ACSEE 2023 History 112/1, Question 4: From Colonialism to the First World War_