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Approximating a quarter circle of radius 10 gives areas 77.6131 by the trapezoidal rule and 78.17563 by Simpson's rule. Taking $\pi=3.14$ as exact, which rule is better and why?
ATrapezoidal; its absolute error is 0.01
BSimpson's; its absolute error is 0.01
CTrapezoidal; it uses more strips
DSimpson's; it needs no strip width
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: B. Simpson's; its absolute error is 0.01
1. The exact quarter-circle area is $\dfrac{\pi r^2}{4}=\dfrac{\pi(10)^2}{4}=25\pi$.
2. Trapezoidal: $25\pi=77.6131$ gives $\pi\approx 3.10$.
3. Simpson's: $25\pi=78.17563$ gives $\pi\approx 3.13$.
4. Absolute errors against $3.14$ are $|3.14-3.10|=0.04$ and $|3.14-3.13|=0.01$.
5. Simpson's error is the smaller, so it is the better approximation. Both rules used the same ten strips, so strip count cannot be the reason.
_Source: NECTA ACSEE 2023 Advanced Mathematics 142/1, Question 7: Numerical Methods_