With the present state of development, Artificial Intelligence can effectively do which of the following? 1. Bring down electricity consumption in industrial units 2. Create meaningful short stories and songs 3. Disease diagnosis 4. Text-to-Speech Conversion 5. Wireless transmission of electrical energy Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Answer: B. With current technology, AI can effectively do (1) reduce industrial electricity consumption, (3) disease diagnosis, and (4) text-to-speech conversion. (2) and (5) are not yet realistic. (1) BRING DOWN ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION: CORRECT. AI optimisation systems already cut industrial energy use significantly. Google's DeepMind used AI to reduce cooling energy in its data centres by about 40 percent. Smart grids, predictive maintenance, demand-response systems, and HVAC optimisation routinely use AI to lower electricity use in manufacturing, refining and commercial buildings. (2) CREATING MEANINGFUL SHORT STORIES AND SONGS: At the time of UPSC 2020, generative AI's creative output was thin and incoherent. The phrase 'meaningful' was the operative restriction. UPSC's key marks this as not yet reliable. (By 2023 onward large language models like GPT and Claude generate coherent stories, but the question is fixed to the 2020 state.) (3) DISEASE DIAGNOSIS: CORRECT. AI is already deployed in radiology (CT, MRI, X-ray interpretation), pathology (digital slide analysis), ophthalmology (diabetic retinopathy screening through Google's ARDA), dermatology (skin lesion analysis), and oncology. AI matches or exceeds specialist accuracy on specific image-based tasks. (4) TEXT TO SPEECH: CORRECT. Modern TTS systems (WaveNet, Tacotron, Google Cloud TTS, Amazon Polly, Microsoft Azure) produce near-human-quality speech using deep neural networks. This is a mature application area. (5) WIRELESS TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY: WRONG. This is a problem in PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING (electromagnetic resonance, microwave power transfer, laser power beaming), not AI. WiTricity and similar wireless charging technologies exist for short-range applications but are not enabled by AI; AI does not transmit energy. So 1, 3, 4 are correct AI applications. Source: NCERT references on emerging technologies; NITI Aayog 'National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence' (2018); IEEE and Nature publications on AI in medicine.