ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯜ-ꯕꯤꯙ꯭ꯕꯅꯁꯥꯛ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯔꯒꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯖꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤ꯫

ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ : ꯒꯣꯄꯜ ꯕꯥꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯂꯪꯀꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯌꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ VITAL-VIDHVANSAK ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤ꯫ GOPAL BABA WALANGKAR (ꯒꯣꯄꯥꯂꯕꯥꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯂꯥꯡꯀꯥꯔ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯒꯣꯄꯥꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯥ), ꯁꯤ. 1840ꯗꯒꯤ 1900 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ, ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯤꯜ ꯊꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯪꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯔꯤꯇꯥꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯥꯔꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯨꯕꯦꯗꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯔꯠꯅꯒꯤꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯖꯥꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ-ꯃꯤꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯠꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯂꯥꯡꯀꯥꯔꯅꯥ 1888ꯗꯥ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯜ-ꯕꯤꯙ꯭ꯕꯅꯁꯥꯛ (ꯂꯤꯇꯔꯂꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ‘ꯁꯦꯔꯤꯃꯣꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ’ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ‘ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯂꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ’, ꯗꯦꯕꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ), ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯥꯊꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯠ-ꯃꯤꯅꯩꯕꯨ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ, ꯃꯤꯆꯪ-ꯃꯤꯈꯥꯏ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯍ꯭ꯃꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯤꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯂꯥꯡꯀꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯝꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ‘VITAL VIDHVANSAN’ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯏꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯦꯗꯃꯤꯅꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯃꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯔꯤꯛꯔꯨꯏꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯇꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯖ꯭ꯌꯣꯇꯤꯔꯥꯑꯣ ꯐꯨꯂꯦ (ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯖꯈꯤꯕꯥ), ꯁꯥꯍꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯖ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯋꯥꯂꯥꯡꯀꯔꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯝꯕꯦꯗꯀꯔꯅꯥ ꯁꯀꯈꯉꯈꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯔ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯁꯀꯈꯉꯈꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ WRONG ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ: (ꯈ) ꯖ꯭ꯌꯣꯇꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯨꯂꯦ (1827-90) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯟꯗꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯔꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯁꯠꯌꯁꯣꯙꯛ ꯁꯃꯥꯖ (1873) ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ‘ꯒꯨꯂꯥꯃꯒꯤꯔꯤ’ (1873)ꯒꯤ ꯑꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯌꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ‘ꯗꯤꯅꯕꯟꯙꯨ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯜ-ꯕꯤꯙꯕꯅꯁꯛ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ (ꯒ) ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯀꯦ.ꯒꯥꯟꯙꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯌꯗꯤꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯗꯂꯤꯠ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ‘ꯍꯔꯤꯖꯟ’ (1933-48), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ‘ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ’ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ‘ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯠ’ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯜ-ꯕꯤꯙꯕꯅꯁꯛ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ (D) ꯑꯝꯕꯦꯗꯀꯔꯅꯥ 1891ꯗꯒꯤ 1956 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯈꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯕꯤ ꯑꯥꯔ. 1920ꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯨꯀꯅꯥꯌꯛ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤ꯫ 1927ꯇꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯕꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯠ ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤ꯫ 1930ꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯖꯅꯇꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤ꯫ 1956ꯇꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯕꯨꯗ꯭ꯙ ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯜ-ꯕꯤꯙꯕꯅꯁꯛ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯁꯣꯔꯁ: ꯁꯤꯂꯦꯕꯁ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯤꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯔꯠ III꯫ ꯏꯂꯤꯅꯔ ꯖꯦꯂꯤꯌꯠ ‘ꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ ꯑꯅꯇꯥꯆꯕꯜ ꯇꯨ ꯗꯂꯤꯠ’꯫ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯒꯣꯔ ‘ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯁ: ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯝꯕꯦꯗꯀꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯣꯠ’꯫