ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯒꯗꯤ ‘ꯍꯥꯂꯕꯤ, ꯍꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯏ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫

ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ : D HALBI, HO, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ KUI ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ TRIBAL LANGUAGESꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯕ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ (1) ꯍꯥꯂꯕꯤ (ꯍꯥꯂꯥꯕꯤ, ꯍꯥꯂꯕꯤꯛ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯏꯕꯥ): ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ BASTAR REGION OF CHHATTISGARH, ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯁꯥ, ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔ, ꯑꯟꯙ꯭ꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯦꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯂꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ HALBA / HALBI TRIBAL COMMUNITIES ꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ INDO-ARYAN LANGUAGE ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯕꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ ꯔꯤꯖꯅꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯨꯌꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯉ꯭ꯀꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯉꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏ 600,000+ (ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯁ 2011)꯫ (2) HO: JHARKHAND (ꯁꯤꯡꯍꯚꯨꯝ), ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯁꯥ (ꯃꯌꯨꯔꯚꯟꯖ), ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯕꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ, ꯑꯁꯝ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯠꯇꯤꯁꯒꯔꯗꯥ HO TRIBE ꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ MUNDA (Ostro-Asiatic) LANGUAGE ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯉꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ 1.4꯫ WARANG CHITI ꯂꯤꯄꯤꯗꯥ ꯏꯕꯥ, 20ꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯣ ꯕꯣꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯥ꯫ HO TRIBE ꯑꯁꯤ ꯓꯥꯔꯈꯟꯗ-ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯣ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯨꯟꯗꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯥꯂꯤꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫ (3) ꯀꯨꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯙ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯤꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯀꯣꯟꯙ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯗ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯣꯗꯤꯁꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯗꯥꯃꯥꯜ, ꯀꯥꯂꯥꯍꯥꯟꯗꯤ, ꯔꯥꯌꯒꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯔꯥꯄꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯋꯥꯉꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯟꯙ꯭ꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯙ꯭ꯌ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯉꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏ 940,000 ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯀꯨꯏ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯙꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯇꯣꯞ ꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ TRIBAL LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY — ꯍꯥꯂꯕꯤ (ꯏꯟꯗꯣ-ꯑꯥꯔꯌꯟ), ꯍꯣ (ꯑꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣ-ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯇꯤꯛ / ꯃꯨꯟꯗꯥ), ꯀꯨꯏ (ꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯤꯗꯤꯌꯟ) — ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ LANGUAGE FAMILIES ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ WRONG ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ: (ꯑꯦ) ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯗꯕꯜꯌꯨ.ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ — ꯚꯥꯡꯒ꯭ꯔꯥ, ꯒꯤꯗ꯭ꯙ, ꯘꯨꯃꯥꯔ, ꯀꯂꯕꯦꯂꯤꯌꯥ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ (ꯈ) ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ — ꯁꯤꯇꯔ, ꯁꯔꯣꯗ, ꯁꯔꯉ꯭ꯒꯤ, ꯙꯣꯂꯛ, ꯃ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯗꯉ꯭ꯒꯝ, ꯇꯕꯂꯥ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ (ꯒ) ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯒꯨꯍꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯟꯇꯤꯡ — ꯚꯤꯃꯕꯦꯠꯀꯥ, ꯑꯦꯗꯛꯀꯜ, ꯖꯣꯒꯤꯃꯥꯔꯥ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯁꯣꯔꯁ: ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ 2011 ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯨꯌꯦꯖ ꯇꯦꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡ / ꯁꯤꯂꯦꯕꯁ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯤꯃꯁꯤꯡ / ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯐꯦꯌꯔꯁ ꯃꯟꯠꯔꯥꯂꯌꯒꯤ ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯕꯦꯖ꯫