With reference to India, the terms 'Halbi, Ho and Kui' pertain to
Adance forms of Northwest India
Bmusical instruments
Cpre-historic cave paintings
Dtribal languages
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. tribal languages
Answer: D. HALBI, HO, and KUI are TRIBAL LANGUAGES of India.
These are LANGUAGES SPOKEN BY SCHEDULED TRIBE COMMUNITIES in central and eastern India.
(1) HALBI (also spelt Halabi, Halbic): an INDO-ARYAN LANGUAGE spoken by the HALBA / HALBI TRIBAL COMMUNITIES primarily in BASTAR REGION OF CHHATTISGARH, parts of Odisha, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana. It acts as a LINGUA FRANCA in the Bastar region across tribal communities. About 600,000+ speakers (Census 2011).
(2) HO: a MUNDA (Austro-Asiatic) LANGUAGE spoken by the HO TRIBE in JHARKHAND (Singhbhum), Odisha (Mayurbhanj), West Bengal, Assam, and Chhattisgarh. About 1.4 million speakers. Written in WARANG CHITI script, developed by Lako Bodra in the 20th century. The HO TRIBE is one of the major scheduled tribes of Jharkhand-Odisha. Ho is closely related to Mundari and Santali.
(3) KUI: a DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGE spoken by the KANDH (also called Kondh or Khond) TRIBES of ODISHA (Kandhamal, Kalahandi, Rayagada, Koraput), with smaller speaker populations in Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. About 940,000 speakers. The Kui-speaking Kandhs are notable for their cultural distinctiveness and historical significance.
Together these illustrate India's TRIBAL LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY — Halbi (Indo-Aryan), Ho (Austro-Asiatic / Munda), Kui (Dravidian) — three different LANGUAGE FAMILIES spoken by tribal communities.
Why other options are WRONG:
(A) Dance forms of NW India — Bhangra, Giddha, Ghoomar, Kalbelia. Not these names.
(B) Musical instruments — sitar, sarod, sarangi, dholak, mridangam, tabla. Not these names.
(C) Pre-historic cave paintings — Bhimbetka, Edakkal, Jogimara. Not these names.
Source: Census of India 2011 Language Tables / NCERT Class 12 Themes in Indian History / Ministry of Tribal Affairs database.
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