alleryꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯜ ꯗꯦꯃꯣꯛꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯇꯤꯒꯤ **ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ** ꯁꯦꯐꯒꯥꯔꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ ?
Aꯀꯃꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯖꯨꯗꯤꯁꯤꯌꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫
Bꯁꯛꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ꯫
Cꯃꯤꯈꯂꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔ꯫
Dꯁꯛꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ꯫
Answer & Solution
Correct answer: D. ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ꯫
ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ : D. SEPARATION OF POWERS ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯜ ꯗꯦꯃꯣꯛꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯐꯒꯥꯔꯗꯅꯤ꯫ DOCTRINE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS — ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ‘The Spirit of the Laws’ (1748) ꯗꯥ MONTESQUIEU ꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ — LIBERTY IS BEST PROTECTED ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ (ꯂꯦꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯚ, ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯤꯛꯌꯨꯇꯤꯚ, ꯖꯨꯗꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ) ꯑꯁꯤ DISTINCT INSTITUTIONS / PERSONS, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ꯫ **ꯃꯣꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯎꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯋꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ:** 'ꯂꯦꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯤꯛꯌꯨꯇꯤꯕ ꯄꯋꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯕꯣꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯏ... ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯖꯨꯗꯤꯁꯤꯌꯔꯤ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯤꯛꯌꯨꯇꯤꯕꯇꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫' ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯋꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯐꯒꯥꯔꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ: - ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯊꯣꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ - ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ SYSTEM OF CHECKS AND BALANCES ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯈꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯗꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ - ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯤꯠꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯟꯗꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯔꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕ/ꯑꯦꯒꯖꯤꯛꯌꯨꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ JUDICIAL REVIEW ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ - ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ NO BRANCH BECOMES TYRANNICAL ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯒꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ, ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ - ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯁꯥꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯅꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯁꯪꯕꯤꯙꯥꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏꯕꯥ (ꯔꯤꯖꯤꯗ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯦꯜ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯨꯞꯔꯤꯝ ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ BASIC STRUCTUREꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ (ꯀꯦꯁꯕꯅꯟꯗ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯤ 1973, ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯔꯥ ꯒꯥꯟꯙꯤ ꯕꯅꯥꯝ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯅꯥꯔꯥꯏꯟ 1975)꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ: (A) ‘ꯀꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯖꯨꯗꯤꯁꯤꯌꯔꯤ’ — ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯂꯣꯁꯣꯐꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯥꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯔꯥꯖ꯭ꯌ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ‘ꯀꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ’ ꯖꯨꯗꯤꯁꯤꯌꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯇꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ DANGEROUS ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯆꯪ-ꯃꯤꯈꯥꯏ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, INDEPENDENT ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ IMPARTIAL ꯖꯨꯗꯤꯁꯤꯌꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯔꯥ ꯒꯥꯟꯙꯤꯅꯥ 1970ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ‘ꯀꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯖꯨꯗꯤꯁꯤꯌꯔꯤ’ꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯂꯤꯕꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯔꯤ꯫ (B) ꯁꯛꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ — ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯇꯤ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ OPPOSITE ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ (ꯒ) ꯃꯤꯈꯂꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔ — ꯗꯦꯃꯣꯛꯔꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯈꯂꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯛꯇꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ (ꯃꯦꯖꯣꯔꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯔꯥꯅꯤ)꯫ ꯃꯤꯈꯜ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯠꯌꯨꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯇꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯁꯣꯔꯁ: ꯁꯤꯂꯦꯕꯁ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ / ꯃꯣꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯎ ‘ꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯗ ꯂꯣꯁ’ / ꯀꯦꯁꯕꯅꯟꯗ ꯚꯥꯔꯇꯤ (1973)꯫
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