Consider the following rivers: 1. Brahmani 2. Nagavali 3. Subarnarekha 4. Vamsadhara Which of the above rise from the Eastern Ghats?

Answer: B. NAGAVALI (2) and VAMSADHARA (4) rise from the EASTERN GHATS. The EASTERN GHATS run discontinuously along the eastern coast of India (Odisha through Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu). They are the source of several short, swift rivers that drain to the Bay of Bengal. (2) NAGAVALI (Langulya) — rises in the EASTERN GHATS in Kalahandi district of ODISHA and flows through southern Odisha and northern Andhra Pradesh to the Bay of Bengal near Srikakulam. Total length ~256 km. (4) VAMSADHARA — rises in the EASTERN GHATS in the Kalahandi-Rayagada border area of ODISHA and flows through southern Odisha and Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh into the Bay of Bengal. Length ~254 km. Vamsadhara and Nagavali run parallel. Both Nagavali and Vamsadhara are CLASSIC EASTERN GHATS-SOURCED RIVERS. Why others are WRONG: (1) BRAHMANI — rises in CHOTANAGPUR PLATEAU (Jharkhand) where its tributaries Sankh and South Koel originate. Brahmani flows through Odisha into Bay of Bengal. It does NOT rise from the Eastern Ghats but from the Chotanagpur plateau (a different geological feature, part of the Peninsular shield). (3) SUBARNAREKHA — rises near RANCHI (Jharkhand) in the CHOTANAGPUR PLATEAU. Flows through Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal to Bay of Bengal. NOT Eastern Ghats origin. So only Nagavali and Vamsadhara are Eastern Ghats-origin rivers among the four. Source: NCERT Class 11 India: Physical Environment 'Drainage System' / CWC river information.